Both copper and aluminum are good conductors. The conductivity of aluminum is second only to copper, but its specific gravity is light and its price is low, so it has been widely used in the cable industry at home and abroad. Chalco Aluminum's well-developed EC grade aluminum wires rods include pure aluminum electrical aluminum wire rod, rare earth electrical aluminum wire rod, high-strength aluminum alloy wires, high-purity electrical aluminum wire rod, and high heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire rod, which are widely used in terms of wire and cable, overhead transmission and distribution conductors, and magnet wires.
With hot rolling technology, 7075 7050 2024 2011 2014 5083 5052 4030 6063 aluminum wire rods are available for us, which is widely used in rivet, rivet nut, screw, bolt, washer, nails and some other fields.
Good at EC grade aluminum conductor wire rod, which is widely used for cable, overhead transmission and aluminum magnet wires.
Welding and brazing aluminum wire rod products are widely used in aircraft, automobile and shipbuilding fields.
The development, research and application of aluminum conductor wire rod have roughly gone through the stages of ordinary pure aluminum electrical round aluminum wire rod, rare earth electrical round aluminum wire rod, high-strength aluminum alloy wire rod, high-purity electrical round aluminum wire rod, and now it is high-conductivity heat-resistant electrical aluminum alloy wire rod.
Conductive aluminum requires both high electrical conductivity and good enough mechanical properties. Ordinary pure aluminum electrical aluminum wires rods are usually divided into: 1A50, 1350, 1050A, 1070A, 1080A, 1098 aluminum wires according to the alloy.
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter/mm |
| 1350/1050A/1070A/1080A/1098 | O | 9.50-25.00 |
| H12, H22 | ||
| H14, H24 | ||
| H16, H26 | ||
| H18 | 1.20-6.50 | |
| 1A50 | O, H18 | 0.80-20.00 |
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter up to and including mm | Rm MPa | Rp0.2 MPa | Elongation A100mm | |
| Min. | Max. | |||||
| 1098 | O | 20 | - | 70 | - | 25 |
| H14 | 18 | 85 | - | 80 | 3 | |
| H18 | 10 | 115 | - | 110 | 2 | |
| 1080A | O | 20 | - | 80 | - | 35 |
| H14 | 18 | 90 | - | 85 | 5 | |
| H18 | 10 | 120 | - | 115 | 3 | |
| 1070A | O | 20 | - | 85 | - | 35 |
| H14 | 18 | 95 | - | 90 | 5 | |
| H18 | 10 | 125 | - | 120 | 3 | |
| 1050A | O | 20 | - | 95 | - | 35 |
| H14 | 18 | 100 | - | 95 | 5 | |
| H16 | 15 | 120 | - | 115 | 3 | |
| H18 | 10 | 140 | - | 135 | 3 | |
Rare earth metals have great chemical properties. In aluminum and aluminum alloys, the affinity between rare earth and hydrogen, oxygen, iron, manganese, silicon and other elements is greater than that of aluminum. It is a strong deoxidizer with functions of degassing, slag removal and purification.
Rare earth metal is also an effective modifier, which can reduce the solid solution amount of silicon in aluminum, inhibit the appearance of eutectic silicon phase in aluminum, reduce the resistivity of aluminum and improve its processing performance. Experiments have shown that adding an appropriate amount of rare earth metals to aluminum can improve electrical conductivity, tensile strength, fatigue toughness and corrosion resistance.
In order to eliminate the defects of ordinary electrical round aluminum rods and obtain higher quality products, Chalco Aluminum conducts research on pure aluminum electrical round aluminum rods from different ways. The research shows that rare earths play a role in degassing and impurity removal and grain refinement in aluminum. It can improve the corrosion resistance, tensile strength and creep strength of aluminum, and it can also improve the electrical conductivity to a certain extent, which can significantly improve the processing performance.
The rare earth electrical round aluminum rod has been successfully produced. Due to its excellent performance, it has been widely used in electrical conductors. It is mainly used to manufacture overhead transmission lines, cables, sliding wires, wire cores, general wires, and thin aluminum wire and other aluminum wires have become a new product of aluminum alloy conductor.
Performance comparison between electrical aluminum wire and rare earth aluminum wire:
| Items | Performance comparison |
| Tension strength/MPa | Both are equivalent |
| Conductivity/（％IACS） | The two are equivalent, but the increase in resistivity is smaller when the rare earth aluminum rod is pulled. |
| Wire Surface Quality | Pull the wire under the same conditions, the surface quality of the two is equivalent |
| Heat strength loss/％ | The two are equivalent, the tensile strength decrease rate is below 2%, there is no obvious difference (heated at 70°C and 80°C, tested after 1000h). |
| Repeated bending fatigue performance | There is no significant difference between the conditional fatigue limit values, and the fluctuation range is only between 20 and 40MPa (the test is carried out on a wire rod repeated bending fatigue test machine, and the number of fatigue cycles is 107). |
| Temperature coefficient of resistance at 20°C / (1/°C) | 0.00407 (R-type flexible wire, aluminum rod); 0.00403 (hard wire, semi-hard wire); (the temperature coefficient of resistance of electrical aluminum wire can still be used in the calculation of resistivity) |
| Low temperature mechanical properties | Both have no brittleness, no cracks in the coiling test, and no significant change in tensile strength (tested at -38°C) |
| 5% HCl solution spray corrosion test | Rare earth aluminum wire is better than electrical aluminum wire (test in aerosol test boxtime 21d) |
| Constant damp heat test | There is no significant difference between the two results (carried out in a DL 302 temperature and humidity control box, 40±2°C, relative humidity 95±3%, 7d) |
| Hydrochloric acid immersion test | Rare earth aluminum wire is better than electrical aluminum wire (5.6% HCl solution, room temperature, dipped for 3h) |
| Sodium hydroxide immersion test | Generally, rare earth aluminum wire is better than electrical aluminum wire, but it is related to the content of silicon, iron, copper impurities in aluminum, especially iron, and electrical aluminum wire with extremely low impurity content will have the opposite result (10% NaOH solution, room temperature, dipping 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9h) |
| Sulfur dioxide gas corrosion test | The results of the two are different, mainly related to the purity of aluminum (a test cycle is 24h, the first stage is 40±3°C, relative humidity 100%, 8h; the second stage is 18～28°C, relative humidity 75%, 16h ) |
The tensile strength of ordinary pure aluminum electrical aluminum wire coil for making wires and cables is 150MPa ~ 170MPa in the cold hardened state, which is about 65% of the strength of steel with the same electrical conductivity. Under normal circumstances, the strength can meet the requirements, but in harsh climates such as ice motion and strong winds, the danger is greater, so only wires and cables with small loads or no loads can be made.
Chalco Aluminum has developed high-strength 6101 and 6201 alloy electrical aluminum wires to solve this problem. The strength of the alloy is improved through solution treatment and artificial aging, while still having good electrical conductivity. The products are widely sold to European and American customers and widely used.
6101 aluminum alloy belongs to Al-Mg-Si series heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy, which has excellent electrical conductivity, medium strength and high corrosion resistance, and is mainly used as aluminum conductor wire. 6101 aluminum alloy wire has medium strength and high conductivity and can be used for long-distance transmission lines.
| 6101 Chemical Composition % | |
| Si | 0.45-0.13 |
| Fe | 0.13-0.17 |
| Cu | 0.10 |
| Mn | - |
| Mg | 0.45-0.55 |
| Cr | - |
| Zn | 0.10 |
| Be | 0.06 |
| Al | Remainder |
| Alloy | 6101 | |
| Temper | T1 | T4 |
| Diameter | 9.5mm | |
| Tension Strength Rp0.2/MPa | 180-220 | 160-200 |
| Elongation A50mm/% | 17 | 23 |
| Electric resistivity max, Оhm∙mm2/m | 0.03549 | 0.03499 |
| Conductivity, min, % IACS | 48.6 | 49.2 |
6201 aluminum alloy has a series of advantages such as good electrical conductivity, welding performance, corrosion resistance, large conductive capacity, high tensile strength, light weight, and good sag characteristics. It is often used as an overhead large-span steel-core aluminum alloy strand Conductors in wires (AACSR) or aluminum alloy stranded wires (AAAC).
The new technology of Chalco Aluminum continuous casting and extrusion to produce 6201 electrical aluminum alloy wire has good quality, uniform composition and no non-metallic impurities. Aluminum alloy wire with suitable quenching microstructure.
| 6201 Chemical Composition % | |
| Si | 0.51-0.57 |
| Fe | 0.14-0.18 |
| Cu | 0.02 |
| Mn | 0.003 |
| Mg | 0.61-0.67 |
| Cr | 0.03 |
| Zn | 0.10 |
| Be | 0.002-0.006 |
| Ti | 0.10 |
| Al | Remainder |
| Alloy | 6201 | |
| Temper | T1 | T4 |
| Diameter | 9.5mm | |
| Tension strength Rp0.2/MPa | 190-230 | 170 |
| Elongation A50mm/% | 17 | 21 |
| Electric resistivity max, Оhm∙mm2/m | 0.03549 | 0.03500 |
| Conductivity, min, % IACS | 48.6 | 49.2 |
The conductivity of high-purity aluminum (with an aluminum content of 99.99%) at 20°C: the resistivity is 26.548nΩ·m; the resistivity of equal volume (IACS) is 64.94%. At low temperatures, the conductivity of aluminum is very sensitive to the purity, and aluminum with a purity of 99.996% or higher may become a superconductor at 1.1-1.2K.
The 95mm2, 150mm2 and 240mm2 cross-sectional area solid aluminum wire extruded from industrial pure aluminum containing more than 99.5% aluminum is particularly soft and easy to lay. It has been proved by application that high-voltage underground cables no longer need to use stranded conductors, and solid aluminum can be directly used wire.
High-purity round aluminum rods are mainly used for electrolytic capacitor guide pins, processing and manufacturing of coating materials and special power industry applications.
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter/mm |
| 1070A/1080A/1098 | O | 9.50-25.00 |
| H12, H22 | ||
| H14, H24 | ||
| H16, H26 | ||
| H18 | 1.20-6.50 |
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter up to and including mm | Rm MPa | Rp0.2 MPa | Elongation A100mm | |
| Min. | Max. | |||||
| 1098 | O | 20 | - | 70 | - | 25 |
| H14 | 18 | 85 | - | 80 | 3 | |
| H18 | 10 | 115 | - | 110 | 2 | |
| 1080A | O | 20 | - | 80 | - | 35 |
| H14 | 18 | 90 | - | 85 | 5 | |
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| H18 | 10 | 120 | - | 115 | 3 | |
| 1070A | O | 20 | - | 85 | - | 35 |
| H14 | 18 | 95 | - | 90 | 5 | |
| H18 | 10 | 125 | - | 120 | 3 | |
At present, the research and development of aluminum alloy conductor materials for international overhead transmission lines has shifted from the field of high strength to the direction of heat resistance. The rapid development trend of the electric power industry forces the development and extension of transmission lines to high voltage, large capacity and long distance.
Under the premise of a certain voltage, it is particularly important to increase the transmission current density, that is, to increase the transmission capacity per unit area of the wire. The traditional wire is basically still the traditional steel-cored aluminum stranded wire, because its heat resistance is relatively weak, so the transmission capacity of the line is limited to a certain extent. To increase the transmission capacity of the line, using heat-resistant aluminum alloy wires can achieve satisfactory results without changing the existing power towers.
Heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is to add elements such as zirconium and yttrium to ordinary aluminum alloy to improve the recrystallization temperature, creep strength and heat resistance of aluminum. Reach 230°C (150°C for domestic wires). The working temperature of ordinary aluminum wire is only 70°C, the short-term working temperature is 90°C, the current carrying capacity is 40% to 50% higher than that of aluminum wire of the same specification, and the tensile strength reaches above 180 MPa.
The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire has the advantages of high temperature resistance and large carrying capacity, and is especially suitable for the transformation and expansion of urban power transmission lines. The heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire also has a good performance-price ratio. At present, the unit price of the domestic heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire is about 1.58 times that of ordinary wires. The overall cost is much lower. In addition, the use of heat-resistant aluminum alloy wires simplifies the circuit structure and reduces the number of fittings and components, which is of great benefit to the safe operation of the circuit.
To sum up, AA 8000 series heat-resistant aluminum alloy wire has significant economic and social benefits, heat-resistant aluminum wire must be more and more widely used in power lines.
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter/mm |
| 8017, 8030, 8076, 8130, 8176, 8177 | O, H19 | 0.20-17.00 |
| 8C05, 8C12 | O | 0.30-2.50 |
| H14, H18 | 0.30-2.50 |
| Alloy | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Ni | Zn |
|
Others | Alu | |
| 8017 | 0.10 | 0.55-0.8 | 0.10-0.20 | - | 0.01-0.05 | - | 0.05 | 0.04B;0.003Li | 0.03 | 0.01 | Remainder |
| 8030 | 0.10 | 0.30-0.8 | 0.15-0.30 | - | 0.05 | - | 0.05 | 0.001-0.04B | 0.03 | 0.01 | Remainder |
| 8076 | 0.10 | 0.6-0.9 | 0.04 | - | 0.08-0.22 | - | 0.05 | 0.04B | 0.03 | 0.10 | Remainder |
| 8130 | 0.15 | 0.40-1.0 | 0.05-0.15 | - | - | - | 0.10 | 1.0Si+Fe | 0.03 | 0.10 | Remainder |
| 8176 | 0.03-0.15 | 0.40-1.0 | - | - | - | - | 0.10 | 0.03Ga | 0.05 | 0.15 | Remainder |
| 8177 | 0.10 | 0.25-0.45 | 0.04 | - | 0.04-0.12 | - | 0.05 | 0.04B | 0.03 | 0.10 | Remainder |
| 8C05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 | 0.03-0.10 | 0.005 | 0.10 | 0.1-0.5C;0.05 O | 0.03 | 0.10 | Remainder |
| 8C12 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.03-0.05 | 0.03-0.10 | 0.005 | 0.10 | 0.6-1.2C; 0.05 O | 0.03 | 0.10 | Remainder |
| Alloy | Temper | Diameter | Tension strength Rm MPa | Elongation A200mm |
| 8017 | O | 0.20-1.00 | 98-159 | ≥10 |
| 8030 | >1.00-3.00 | ≥12 | ||
| 8076 | >3.00-5.00 | ≥15 | ||
| 8130 | H19 | 0.20-1.00 | ≥185 | ≥1.0 |
| 8176 | >1.00-3.00 | ≥1.2 | ||
| 8177 | >3.00-5.00 | ≥1.5 | ||
| 8C05 | O | 0.30-2.50 | 170-190 | ≥3.0 |
| H14 | 191-219 | |||
| H18 | 220-249 | |||
| 8C12 | O | 0.30-2.50 | 250-259 | |
| H14 | 260-269 | |||
| H18 | 270-289 |
| Alloy | Temper | The resistivityρat 20°C is not greater thanΩ.mm2/m |
| 8017, 8030, 8076 8130, 8176, 8177 | O | 0.028 264 |
| H19 | 0.028 976 | |
| 8C05 | O, H14, H18 | 0.028 500 |
| 8C12 | O, H14, H18 | 0.030 500 |
AAAC conductors for large spans are made of 6101 and 6201 high-strength aluminum alloy single wire twisted together. In addition, AA 8000 series aluminum wire such as 8030 8076 has become another focus of the power industry and is widely used application.
By applying aluminum electricity conductors to aviation and automobile cable industries, the weight of automobiles and aircraft can be effectively reduced and more energy can be saved. In addition, the aluminum conductor cable will replace the radio frequency copper cable used in the current mobile network, which can not only greatly reduce the production cost, but also account for a larger share in terms of cable installation, weight, maintenance and energy consumption.
As far as the world is concerned, the application of aluminum cables instead of copper cables in the cable industry has become an important way for related companies to reduce fixed investment assets and increase corporate benefits.
Winding aluminum wire is a conductive metal wire with an insulating layer. Its function is mainly to generate a magnetic field through the current flowing into it to realize the mutual conversion of electric energy and magnetic energy. It is mainly used in transformers, electromagnetic coils and power generation.
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